Modern views on the possible impact of palm oil on human health

 Medvedev Oleg Stefanovich
Natalia A. Medvedeva
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The literature review is devoted to the analysis of scientific publications on the availability of evidence of a possible negative effect of palm oil (PM) and its components on human health, namely on the regulation of lipid metabolism, the risks of developing cardiovascular and other diseases. PM is capable of remaining in a solid and semi-solid state at room temperature, which makes it possible to consider it as a natural substitute for partially hydrogenated vegetable oils containing trans fatty acids (TFAs) harmful to human health. PM contains both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, as well as substances with pronounced antioxidant activity. Taking into account the "lipid theory" of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, comparative studies of PM with other vegetable oils (soybean, olive, sunflower) did not reveal significant differences in the content of total cholesterol, low and high density lipoproteins in human blood. The atherogenic index usually increased slightly due to the higher content of saturated fatty acids in the PM. Comparison of the effect of diets with PM and TFA on the lipid profile of the examined subjects indicates a significant improvement in the lipid profile in the case of using diets with PM, which serves as the basis for replacing TFA in food with PM and its fractions. In addition to fatty acids, PM contains phytonutrients, including 4 types of tocopherols and tocotrienols, carotenoids, sterols and a number of others. Most of these substances have a positive effect on human health, which is associated with their
antioxidant activity. The conclusion is made about the safety of using PM in food, while taking into account the increased content of saturated fatty acids in it.
Palm oil oleic triglycerides and butter palmitic triglycerides. Palmitation reaction, potassium, magnesium palmitate, absorption of fatty acids by enterocytes and colon microbiota
Dietary fatty acids. Impact on the risk of diseases of the circulatory system
Physicochemical and biological properties of triglycerides. Cell uptake of functionally different palmitic oleic very low lipoproteins and linoleic linolenic low density lipoproteins
Positional specificity of individual triglycerides - substrates for the action of lipases. Palm oil oleic triglycerides, milk palmitic triglycerides, calcium and magnesium ions
Effects of palm oil on cardiovascular risk Modern views on the possible impact of palm oil on human health  
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DOI: 10.24411 / 0042-8833-2016-00001
Review of the scientific literature on the evidence of the relationship between palm oil (PO) and its components and adverse effects on human health, on the mechanisms of cholesterol control and risks for development of cardiovascular diseases. PO is solid or semisolid at room temperature and often is used as a natural substitute for partially hydrogenated vegetable oils containing trans fatty acids which increase risks of hypercholesteremia. PO contains both saturated and unsaturated fats as well as substances with antioxidant activity. Taking into account the lipid theory of atherosclerosis pathogenesis, and sn-2 hypothesis, PO was compared with other vegetable oils, like olive, sunflower or soybean oils, and did not show great differences in changes of LDL, HDL or total cholesterol levels. Comparison of diets rich in PO with diets rich in trans fatty acids shows improvement of lipid profiles in groups with PO, and serves as a basis for replacement of trans fatty acids in food with PO and its fractions. In addition to fatty acids content, PO contains several phytonutrients including 4 forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols, carotenoids, sterols, and some others. Most of these compounds are considered beneficial for human health, mainly on account of their antioxidant activity. It is concluded that PO is safe component of food, when we pay attention to the rather high content of saturated fats in it.
Medvedev Oleg Stefanovich - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov "Address: 119192, Moscow, Lomonosov prospect, 31, bldg. 5 Phone: (495) 932-98-32 E-mail: oleg.omedvedev@gmail.com

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